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There is given a rigorous proof that electrons in the
atom move according basic laws of classical dynamics and that in the in the
ground-energy-state atom electrons move along radial (almost radial) trajectories. In the
case of a single unpaired electron the latter is on a distance of the order of the
electron Compton wave-length from the nucleus scattered by a short range spin magnetic
field. If spin axis of the electron is perpendicular to the radius vector of the electron
the latter is scattered form the nucleus by exactly 120 and after each three scatterings
comes back to the starting point. As a result, spin axis of the electron and radial
segments of a free-fall orbit - looking like stretched atomic arms – are oriented to
each other in a definite way. It has been shown that it is spin of the electron which
determines spatial structure of molecules and keeps order in a solid body.
Many
years lasting theoretical research on localisation of electrons in the helium atom
has been just crowned with a success. The problem has been solved, taking into account
spin properties of the electron, on a basis of a rigorously formulated formalism of
classical dynamics. Solving equations of motion for two moving collectively in the Coulomb
field of nucleus electrons the shape of the ground-state electron orbital - consisting of
two quasi free-fall, symmetric with respect to the nucleus trajectories - has been finally
deciphered. It has been shown that the found radial orbital correctly describes
fundamental properties of the helium atom (magnetic susceptibility, electrical
polarizability, scattering. Expanding electric field of our atom into electric multipoles,
two leading terms of this field, describing interaction between helium atoms at large
distances, have been calculated. The responsible for resonance attractive interaction
between atoms oscillatory dipole moment and keeping two atoms on a distance a static
electric quadrupole appeared to be quite satisfactory to describe basic properties of a
condensed phase of helium. It has been shown that with lowering the temperature helium
atoms join together and form tightly bound trigonal and quadratic clusters having well
defined dimensions and well defined thermodynamical properties. Subsequently, these
clusters – two building blocks of atomic architecture – join in pairs and form cubic
or octahedral cells of a liquid helium. Linear dimensions of basic clusters determine
density of a liquid helium. The found in this way density appeared to be in a close
agreement with measurements. At the end, some arguments that two electrons of the Cooper
pair move in a similar way as move two electrons in the helium atom have been presented.
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