9 DEPARTMENT OF MATERIAL STUDIES

Head of Department:	Assoc. Prof. Zbigniew Werner
phone:	(22) 718-05-45
e-mail:	wernerz@ipj.gov.pl

Overview

The technology of modifying surfaces of practical-use materials by means of continuous and pulsed energy and particle beams has been intensely studied for more than 20 years. In some fields it is presently utilized on a wide scale in industry. Continuous or pulsed ion and plasma beams play a significant role among various approaches used in this area. The research carried at by Department P-IX is centered around the use of two ion implantation machines (ion implanters) of different kinds and several unique sources of high-intensity intense plasma pulses, utilized jointly with Department P-V. The Department cooperates with Forschungszentrum Rossendorf (FZR, Dresden, Germany) in the field of ion-beam-based analytical techniques and the use of ion implantation facilities. The main objectives of the Department are:

· A search for new ways of modifying the surface properties of solid materials by means of continuous or pulsed ion and plasma beams and

· implementation of ion implantation techniques in national industries as a method of improving the lifetime of machine parts and tools utilized in industry.

In 2004 these objectives were being accomplished in many ways, particularly by research on:

· interaction of nitrogen atoms in expanded austenite formed in pure iron

· formation of superconducting MgB₂ phases

· surface layer modification of ion-bombarded HDPE

· nanolayers in AlN for direct bonding with copper

· surface alloying of titanium with nickel and palladium for increased corrosion resistance

· nanolayers in alloys and ceramic coatings for improved resistance to high-temperature corrosion

· improvement of cutting tools lifetime by means of nitrogen implantation.

The research was conducted in cooperation with Department P-V of IPJ, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology (Warsaw), Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Technology of Materials for Electronics (Warsaw), Forschungszentrum Rossendorf FZR (Dresden, Germany), as well as with some industrial companies.

9.1 Interaction of Nitrogen Atoms in Expanded Austenite Formed in Iron by Intense Nitrogen Plasma Pulses

by J.Piekoszewski, B.Sartowska¹⁾, L.Waliś¹⁾, Z.Werner, M.Kopcewicz²⁾, F.Prokert³⁾, J.Stanisławski, J.Kalinowska²⁾, W.Szymczyk

Several authors [e.g. 1, 2] have shown that it is possible to nitride stainless steel in such a way that a metastable phase is formed, in which nitrogen in solid solution increases the surface hardness and wear resistance without compromising corrosion behavior. This phase is referred to as nitrogen-expanded austenite and is denoted as γN. Some authors [e.g. 3, 4] claim that the γN phase can only be formed if Fe, Cr and Ni are available in the system, but the initial material needs not be of fcc austenite structure. However, it has been also demonstrated [5] that high intensity nitrogen plasma pulses can form γN phase even in pure α-iron (ARMCO). On the other hand, it has been shown [6] that γN in carbon steels also improves their tribological properties.

In the present work we tried to determine the character of interaction between nitrogen atoms in γN phase formed in pure iron treated by high-intensity nitrogen plasma pulses. ARMCO samples were irradiated with 20 intense nitrogen plasma pulses of about 1 μs duration each. At about 5 J/cm² deposited energy the pulses were melting sample surface to about 1-2 μm and doping the molten layer with nitrogen. Retained dose after 20 pulses was 5.5x1017 N/cm², and nitrogen concentration was 6.5-8.5 at% as found by nuclear reaction analysis (NRA). Samples were also examined by X-ray diffraction in grazing incident geometry (ω=2º) using CuK_α rays (XRD analysis depth≈500 nm), and by conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy (CEMS depth≈300 nm).

Table 1

XRD parameters of ARMCO sample treated with 20 pulses of nitrogen plasma.

(hkl)	2Q (deg)	FWHM (deg)	a (nm)	(a-a0)/a0(%)
				a0 (1)	a0 (2)
(200)	50.180	0.622	0.36332	2.056	1.29
(220 )	73.652	0.838	0.36349	2.104	-
(311 )	89.276	1.189	0.36361	2.138	-

a₀(1)=0.356 nm extrapolated for pure austenit [7]

a₀(2)=0.3587 nm for untreated 310 stainless steel [8]

Expansion of the crystal lattice is confirmed [7, 8]. However, lattice transformed to austenite from α-Fe by us is less susceptible for expansion than that of an originally austenite steel (e.g. compare lattice parameter a relative change (a-a₀)/a₀ ≈ 2% with 2.9% observed in [8] for 310 steel containing 8at.% of nitrogen). The difference is due to different structures and compositions of both materials.

CEMS spectra were fitted with spectra of various phases. Fγ₀/Fγ_N fraction ratio derived from the fit was used to semi-qualitatively estimate character of interactions between nitrogen atoms present in the austenitic phases. Two models discussed in [9] were considered: (i) occupation of each of 6 octahedral sites occurs randomly, i.e. there is no interaction between nitrogen atoms (model A) and (ii) strong repulsive forces act between both first- and second-nearest nitrogen atoms, so they tend to separate from each other (model B).

Fig. 1 The box represents value of Fg₀/Fg_N fraction ratio observed experimentally in ARMCO sample treated with 20 pulses of nitrogen plasma. The horizontal sides represent the range of experimentally measured concentrations, the vertical sides represent the estimated error of the Fg₀ /Fg_N fraction ratio. The solid lines show theoretical predictions assuming no interaction and strong repulsion between nitrogen atoms in the nearest-neighbour positions.

The experimental result is much closer to model B than to A. Therefore, we conclude that strong repulsion forces act between nitrogen atoms in the fcc austenitic structure formed as a result of nitriding of pure iron by intense nitrogen plasma pulses.

[1] C.Blawert, et al., Surf. Engin., 15(1999)469

[2] O.Özturk, et al., J Appl. Phys., 77, 8(1995)3839

[3] C.Blawert, et al., Surf. Coat. Technol. 1891 (1999)116

[4] E.Menthe, et al., Surf. Coat. Tech. 412 (1995)74

[5] J.Piekoszewski, J.Langner, Z.Werner, et al., NIM B 80/81, 344 (1993)

[6] B.Sartowska, et al. Surf. Coat. Technol. (in press)

[7] A.P.Gulaiev, Metalloviedenie, Izdatilestwo “Metallurgia” Moscow (1977) (in Russian)

[8] A.Saker, et al., Mater. Sci. Engin., A 140 (1991)702

[9] K.Oda, K.Umezu, H.Ino, J. Phys. Condens. Matter. 2(1990)10147

¹⁾ Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Warsaw, Poland

²⁾ Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, Warsaw, Poland

³⁾ Forschungszentrum Rossendorf e.V. Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, Dresden, Germany

9.2 Ion Implanted Nanolayers in AIN for Direct Bonding with Coper

by M.Barlak, W.Olesińska¹⁾, J.Piekoszewski, M.Chmielewski¹⁾, J.Jagielski¹⁾, D.Kaliński¹⁾, Z.Werner, B.Sartowska²⁾

Direct bonding (DB) of conductors to ceramics (especially AlN) is considered as the most promising technology of packaging electronic devices used in high power density applications. In the DB technique, metal is bonded directly to the ceramics with only a very thin transition layer at their interface. One of the pioneering works [1] proved that satisfactory bonding of Cu to AlN can be achieved if 1-1.5 at% of oxygen is added to the system as an active element – even if the surfaces of the joined components have not been intentionally modified.

In our preliminary experiments with implantation of Ti, Fe and O ions into AlN substrates we tried to replace the conventional process of thermal oxidation. The results [2] suggested that the best shear strength could be expected for relatively low energy of Ti ions.

In the present work, we implanted Ti, Fe and O ions. 10¹⁶-10¹⁸ Ti and Fe ions/cm² were implanted in the MEVVA-type TITAN direct beam implanter [3] at 15 or 70 kV into commercial (Goodfellow) AlN substrates of 12x3x0.63 mm³ with roughness of about R_a=0.1 μm. Oxygen was implanted in a home-made semi-industrial implanter with non-mass separated beam. To avoid overheating, samples were clamped onto a water-cooled stainless steel plate mounted in both implanters. The ion current densities were kept below 10 μA/cm², and the substrate temperature did not exceed 200ºC during the entire run.

Metallic components of the joints, i.e. 30x3x0.3 mm³ strips of oxygen-free Cu were annealed at 600ºC for about 30-40 min in flowing nitrogen containing 1.5 ppm oxygen. The components were subsequently oxidized in air at 380ºC for 3 min and directly bonded to the ceramics in a conventional DB process.

Mechanical properties of the obtained joints were examined. Careful SEM observations were performed on fractured surfaces of both components of the joints to reveal the joint microstructure.

Fig. 1 Comparison of various AlN pre-treatment techniques for Direct Bonding of AlN-Cu joints.

Shear strengths between 20 and 70 kG/cm² have been obtained. Oxygen implantation gave consistently better results than implantation of iron. For all elements implanted at 15 kV shear strength was greater by a factor of about 2 than that obtained at 70 kV. The best shear strength obtained for 5x10¹⁶ cm^-2 Ti (70 kG/cm²) exceeds by a factor of 5 typical values (14 kG/cm²) obtained using conventional isothermal oxidation AlN pre-treatment process [2].

Microstructure inspections showed that the strongest joints are of adhesive type over the entire surface. Over 90% of the copper surface in contact with the ceramics exhibited neither changes, nor inhomogeneities – its structure was continuous and homogeneous. Insignificant copper grooves observed at grain boundaries can be associated with copper oxidation prior to the joining process.

The ceramic surface had a homogeneous compact grain structure homogeneously covered with nano-precipitates. At higher Ti doses larger numbers of needle-shape precipitates were seen and a new phase of multifaceted crystals appeared. On the other hand, the grain-like phase increases with both energy and dose of Ti ions.

Fe and O implantations did not lead to substantial changes of the microstructures at the joint surfaces of ceramics and copper for different implantation conditions. Such effects were seen only for Ti.

To conclude, ion implantation seems to be ideally suited for Direct Bonding process. Optimized implantation process leads to much better results than a conventional process at a comparable processing time. Advantages of ion implantation include:

· potentially fast processing time (several minutes at 100 mA beam current instead of tens of minutes in the conventional process)

· accuracy in creating an appropriate dopant content

· flexibility in tailoring the desired distribution of the introduced atoms at nanometer depth range

· ability to form non-equilibrium compounds.

[1] E.Entezarian, R.Drew, Mat. Sci. Egin. A 212 (1996) 206

[2] J.Piekoszewski, Z.Werner, M.Barlak, W.Szymczyk, Solid State Phenomena 231 (2004)99

[3] S.Bugaev, et al., Rev. Sci. Instr. 10(1994) 3110

¹⁾ Institute of Electronic Materials Technology , Warsaw, Poland

²⁾ Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology , Warsaw, Poland

9.3 Superconductivity of MgB₂ Thin Films Prepared by Ion Implantation and Pulsed Plasma Treatment

by J.Piekoszewski, W.Kempiński¹⁾, B.Andrzejewski¹⁾, Z.Trybuła¹⁾, L.Piekara-Sady¹⁾, J.Kaszyński¹⁾, J.Stankowski¹⁾, Z.Werner, E.Richter²⁾, F.Prokert²⁾, J.Stanisławski, M.Barlak

The superconductive phase of inter-metallic MgB₂ compound discovered in 2001 by Nagamatsu et al. [1] has attracted a considerable interest due to its relatively high transition temperature T_C=39K and potential application on the industrial scale. The new material has been studied along two paths: solid MgB₂ and thin films formed on various substrates. We try to form superconducting MgB₂ layer grown on substrates with surfaces molten by intense plasma pulses.

In our preliminary experiments [2] Mg substrates were implanted with 5x10¹⁸ B ions per cm² at energy of 100 keV an melted by two ms duration H plasma pulses of energy 1.9 and 3.0 J/cm². Magnetically Modulated Microwave Absorption (MMMA) and four point probe (FPP) methods were used to detect superconductivity. The highest obtained transition temperature was T_C=31 K. However, macroscopic percolation chains did not occur and MMMA signals were very weak.

In the present work, the number of pulses was increased (2-4), and H plasma was replaced by Ar one. Mg substrates were implanted with 3x10¹⁸ B ions per cm² at energy of 80 keV. Samples were characterized by MMMA, FPP, XRD and RBS techniques.

XRD data indicate that the a lattice constant decreased with respect to the as-implanted samples by Da/a = –0.71%, whereas the c lattice constant increased by Dc/c = 0.37%. According to theoretical predictions given by Wan [3] this should lead to an increased density of states near the Fermi level and therefore to an increased T_C. On the other hand, the highest value of T_C was observed when the c lattice constant had the smallest value with respect to the bulk Dc/c = –0.2% [4]. However, some authors claime that T_C rises with lattice expansions [5-7].

Fig. 1 RBS spectra of as-implanted and pulse-treated samples.

A pronounced valley centered around channel 400 appeared in the RBS spectrum of as-implanted sample (a). Samples (b) and (c) were treated with 2 H pulses with energy density 2 and 3 J/cm², respectively. It may be seen that the width of the valley (related to the width of the boron profile) grows with the pulse fluence. For sample (c) the boron profile seems to be spread over the greatest depth. On the other hand, the Mg signal value at the minimum of the spectrum does not change significantly. Rough estimations based on SIMNRA simulations indicate that the Mg content at the peak of boron profile amounts to no more than 15-25%. It means that boron concentration is no less that 75-85% – far in excess of the stoichiometric composition of MgB₂. However, this excess of boron does not preclude the existence of MgB₂ phase, as evidenced by the XRD spectra (not shown here).

The strongest MMMA signal hysteresis (higher by an order of magnitude with respect to samples (b) and (c)) has been obtained for the sample treated with 4 pulses of Ar plasma at the fluence of about 2 J/cm². However, T_C for that sample had a rather disappointing value of about 12K, probably due to lack of stoichiometry. The highest T_C has been obtained for high-energy pulses, but the highest superconducting phase content has been obtained for the largest number of pulses, corresponding to a long time of diffusion in the molten phase.

Still no breakthrough has occurred with respect to the macroscopic percolation of the superconductive regions.

[1] J.Nagamatsu, et al., Nature 410 (2003) 63

[2] J.Piekoszewski, Z.Werner, et al., Inst. of Nucl. Chem. and Techn. Annual Report 2003, Warsaw 2004, p 118

[3] X.Wan, et al., cond-mat /0104216v3 (2001)

[4] H.Yamazaki, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 18 (2003)3740

[5] N.Hur, et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 79(2001)4180

[6] J.Tang, et al., Phys. Rev. 64 (2001)132509

[7] J.B.Neaton, A.Perali, cond-mat/0104098v1 (2001)

¹⁾ Institute of Molecular Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland

²⁾ Forschungszentrum Rossendorf e.V. Institut für Ionenstrahlphysik und Materialforschung, Dresden, Germany

9.4 The Effect of Nitrogen Implantation on Lifetime of Cutting Tools Made of SK5M Tool Steel

by J.Narojczyk¹⁾, Z.Werner, J.Piekoszewski

A number of tools used presently in industry for cutting and forming are made of high speed steels (HSS). To increase wear resistance of such cutting tools, hard coatings of nitrides, borides, carbides or oxides of such elements like Al, Cr, Ta, Ti and Fe are used [1]. Nitrogen ion implantation has for a long time been used as an alternative to coatings [2, 3, 4, 5]. This report describes the results of such application in the ball-bearing industry.

The tested form tool made of the SK5M steel and heat-treated to 65 HRC is shown in Fig. 1. 1-5x10¹⁷ N₂ at/cm² were implanted into the tool flank face at 80 keV, 4x10^-4 Pa. The tool temperature did not exceed 1500ºC during the entire treatment. 6-35 tools were im-planted at the same conditions.

The implanted tools were used to form inside hole and curvature radii of the internal ring of type 608 bearing made of annealed LH 15 bearing steel. Machining was performed at a cutting speed of 24.5 m/min and a feed rate of 0.02 mm/rev. The tool lifetime was expressed in terms of the number of bearing rings manufactured until the tool wear resulted in exceeding the tolerance limit of the product. Each tool was re-sharpened 6x on the average. Results of the tests are presented in Fig.2. The optimum dose corresponds to about 3x10¹⁷ N₂ at/cm² yielding on the average 1.6 x lifetime increase as compared to the un-implanted tools.

To clarify the nature of the observed lifetime improvement, a number of characterisations have been undertaken. Nanohardness was measured in the 150-400 nm indentation depth range. N₂ profiles were analyzed by the glow discharge optical emis-sion GDOES spectros-copy, phase composi-tion of surface layer – by the conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy in backscattering geometry.

Fig.3 presents the results of nanohardness tests. They are inconclusive.

The obtained nitrogen profiles were in fair agreement with theoretical calculations except for some tail, observed particularly for higher doses. The tail may result from radiation-enhanced diffusion processes not accounted for in calculation [6]. The results demonstrate that the GDOES technique may reveal shallow nitrogen profiles (this have been under dispute for some time).

Fig. 4 Results of phase composition fitting to the obtained CEMS spectra. Curves denoted x=0.33 and x=0.5 represent e-Fe_3-xN with x=0.33 and x=0.5, respectively.

Results of fitting the phase composition to the obtained spectra are shown in Fig. 4. Amount of e-Fe_2.5N initially grows during the implantation process at the expense of a and a’ phases, but at doses around 4x10¹⁷ N/cm² starts to decrease and x-Fe₂N develops. The latter phase is correlated with decreasing wear resistance observed for nitrogen doses exceeding 3x10¹⁷ cm^-2. Transformation of e-Fe_3-xN into x-Fe₂N does not result exclusively from accumulation of N, but also from an accompanying change of stress field in the implanted layer [7]. Stress relaxation occurs for implanted nitrogen dose leading to the onset of x-Fe₂N phase presence. Analysis of phase composition in surface layer of the SK5M HSS confirms this mechanism. In conclusion, wear resistance of nitrogen-implanted tools made of SK5M HSS is to a large extent associated with quantitative relations within the ferric nitride system in the surface layer.

[1] O.Knotek, et al., Surf. Coat. Techn. 54/55 (1992)241

[2] E.g. Fenske GR. Ion implantation, ASM Intern. 1992 p.850

[3] Straede CA. Wear 130(1989)113

[4] R.J.Culbertson, et al., NIM B 56/57(1991)652

[5] A.J.Perry, et al., Surf.Coat.Techn 68/69(1994)294

[6] H.Wiedersich, NIM B 7/8(1985)1

[7] J.Jagielski, et al., Mat. Sci. Eng A196(1995)213

¹⁾ Technical University, Radom, Poland

BOOKS

ION IMPLANTED NANOLAYERS IN ALLOYS AND CERAMIC COATINGS FOR IMPROVED RESISTANCE TO HIGH-TEMPERATURE CORROSION
Z.Werner, W.Szymczyk, J.Piekoszewski
Nanostuructured Thin Films and Nanodispersion Strengthened Coatings, eds. A.A. Voevodin et al., Kluwer Academic Publisher (2004) 193-202

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS OF VELOCITIES OF PLASMA PULSES GENERATED IN THE ROD PLASMA INJECTOR
J.Piekoszewski, J.Stanisławski, J.Baranowski, E.Składnik-Sadowska, Z. Werner, M.Barlak
Czech. J.Phys. 54 (2004) Suppl.C C217

ION IMPLANTED NANOLAYERS IN ALN FOR DIRECT BONDING WITH COPPER
J.Piekoszewski, W.Olesińska, J.Jagielski, D.Kaliński, M.Chmielewski, Z.Werner, M.Barlak, W.Szymczyk
Solid State Phenomena 99-100 (2004) 231

INTERACTION OF NITROGEN ATOMS IN EXPANDED AUSTENITE FORMED IN PURE IRON BY INTENSE NITROGEN PLASMA PULSES
J.Piekoszewski, B.Sartowska , L.Waliś, Z.Werner, M.Kopcewicz, F.Prokert, J.Stanisławski, J.Kalinowska, W.Szymczyk
Nukleonika 49(2) (2004) 57

DIFFERENTIAL THERMOCOUPLES IN MEGAWATT PLASMA PULULSES MEASUREMENTS COMPUTER SIMULATIONS AND PRELIMINARY RESULTS
W.Szymczyk, Z.Werner, J.Piekoszewski
Rev. Sci. Instr. 75 (6) (2004) 2107

CHANNELING STUDY OF THE DAMAGE INDUCED IN ION-IRRADIATED CERAMIC OXIDES
L.Thome, A.Gentils, F.Garrido, J.Jagielski
Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 792 (2004) 49

CHANNELING STUDY OF THE DAMAGE INDUCED IN ZIRCONIA IRRADIATED WITH HIGH-ENERGY HEAVY IONS
J.Jagielski, A.Gentils, L.Thome, L.Nowicki, F.Garrido, S.Klaumunzer
Nucl. Instr. Meth. B219-220 (2004) 626

ON THE USE OF THE ¹⁶O(⁴He, ⁴He)¹⁶O RESONANCE FOR THE EVALUATION OF RADIATION DAMAGE IN OXIDES
L.Thome, A.Gentils, J.Jagielski, S.E.Enescu, F.Garrido
Nucl. Instr. Meth, B219-220 (2004) 99

DAMAGE PRODUCTION IN CUBIC ZIRCONIA IRRADIATED WITH SWIFT HEAVY IONS
A.Gentils, L.Thome, J.Jagielski, L.Nowicki, S.Klaumunzer, F.Garrido, M.Beauvy
Nucl. Instr Meth., B218 (2004) 457

MOESSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY, INTERLAYER COUPLING AND MAGNETORESISTANCE OF IRRADIATED Fe/Cr MULTILAYERS
F.Stobiecki, M.Kopcewicz, J.Jagielski, B.Szymanski, M.Urbaniak, J.Dubowik, M.Schmidt, J.Kalinowska
Journ. of Alloys and Compounds, 382 (2004) 174

SURFACE LAYER MODIFICATION OF ION BOMBARDED HDPE
D.Bielinski, P.Lipinski, L.Slusarski, J.Grams, T.Paryjczak, J.Jagielski, A.Turos, N.K.Madi
Surf. Science 564 (2004) 179

ION IMPLANTATION AND TRANSIENT MELTING: A NEW APPROACH TO FORMATION OF SUPERCONDUCTING MGB₂ PHASES
J.Piekoszewski, W.Kempiński, J.Stankowski, F.Prokert, E.Richter, J.Stanisławski, Z.Werner, W.Szymczyk
Acta Physica Polonica A Vol. 106 No 6 (2004) 869

EXCIMER LASER SURFACE ALLOYING OF TITANIUM WITH NICKEL AND PALLADIUM FOR INCREASED CORROSION RESISTANCE
C.Blanco- Pinzon, Z.Liu, K.Voisey, F.A.Bonila, P.Skeldon, G.E.Thompson, J.Piekoszewski, A.G.Chmielewski
Corrosion Science (in press)

SUPERCONDUCTIVITY OF MGB₂ THIN FILMS PREPARED BY ION IMPLANTATION AND PULSED PLASMA TREATMENT
J.Piekoszewski, W.Kempiński, .…, J.Stankowski, Z.Werner, E.Richter, F.Prokert, J.Stanisławski, M.Barlak, et al.
Vacuum (in press)

FRICTION PROPERTIES OF ION-BEAM MODIFIED MATERIALS: WHERE CAN WE SEARCH FOR PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF ION IMPLANTATION?
J.Jagielski
Vacuum (in press)

MODIFICATION OF THE NEAR SURFACE LAYER OF CARBON STEELS WITH INTENSE ARGON AND NITROGEN PLASMA PULSES
B.Sartowska, J.Piekoszewski, L.Waliś, W.Szymczyk, J.Stanisławski, L.Nowicki, R. Ratajczak, …, F.Prokerte, et al.
Vacuum (in press)

THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN IMPLANTATION ON THE LIFETIME OF CUTTING TOOLS MADE OF SK5M TOOL STEEL
J.Narojczyk, Z.Werner, J.Piekoszewski
Vacuum (in press)

ION IMPLANTATION AS A PRE-TREATMENT METHOD OF AlN SUBSTRATE FOR DIRECT BONDING IN COPPER
M.Barlak, W.Olesińska, J.Piekoszewski, M.Chmielewski, J.Jagielski, D.Kaliński, W.Szymczyk, Z.Werner
Vacuum (in press)

PASSIVITY AND ITS BREAKDOWN IN AL-BASED AMORPHOUS ALLOYS
M.Janik-Czachor, A.Jaskiewicz, M.Dolata, Z.Werner
Materials Chemistry and Physics (in press)

PARTICIPATION IN CONFERENCES AND WORKSHOPS

Invited talks:

FROM MICRO TO NANOTRIBOLOGY; SCALING DOWN THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
J.Jagielski
1^st Workshop of Advanced Materials, Doha, Katar, April 2004

SUPERCONDUCTIVITY OF MGB₂ THIN FILMS PREPARED BY ION IMPLANTATION AND PULSED PLASMA TREATMENT
J.Piekoszewski, W.Kempiński, …, J.Stankowski, Z.Werner, E.Richter, F.Prokert, J.Stanisławski, M.Barlak, et al.
5^th Intern. Conf. ION 2004, Kazimierz Dolny, June 14-17, 2004 (accepted for publication in Vacuum)

FRICTION PROPERTIES OF ION-BEAM MODIFIED MATERIALS: WHERE CAN WE SEARCH FOR PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF ION IMPLANTATION?
J.Jagielski
5^th International Conference ION 2004, Kazimierz Dolny, June 14-17, 2004

ION IRRADIATION OF CERAMIC OXIDES: DISORDER PRODUCTION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
J.Jagielski
European Conf. on Accelerators in Applied Research and Technology, Paris, France, September 2004

Oral presentations:

MODIFICATION OF THE NEAR SURFACE LAYER OF CARBON STEELS WITH INTENSE ARGON AND NITROGEN PLASMA PULSES
B.Sartowska, J.Piekoszewski, L.Waliś, W.Szymczyk, J.Stanisławski, L.Nowicki, R.Ratajczak, …, F.Prokert, et al.
5^th International Conference ION 2004, Kazimierz Dolny, June 14-17, 2004

THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN IMPLANTATION ON THE LIFETIME OF CUTTING TOOLS MADE OF SK5M TOOL STEEL
J.Narojczyk, Z.Werner, J.Piekoszewski
5^th International Conference ION 2004, Kazimierz Dolny, June 14-17, 2004

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF RADIATION-INDUCED DISORDER IN SPINEL CRYSTALS
J.Jagielski
Ion Beam Modification of Materials, Monterey, USA, September 2004

Posters:

ION IMPLANTATION AS A PRE-TREATMENT METHOD OF AlN SUBSTRATE FOR DIRECT BONDING IN COPPER
M.Barlak, W.Olesińska, J.Piekoszewski, M.Chmielewski, J.Jagielski, D.Kaliński, W.Szymczyk, Z.Werner
5^th International Conference ION 2004, Kazimierz Dolny, June 14-17, 2004

OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS OF VELOCITIES OF PLASMA PULSES GENERATED IN THE ROD PLASMA INJECTOR
J.Piekoszewski, J.Stanisławski, J.Baranowski, E.Składnik-Sadowska, Z.Werner, M.Barlak
21^st Symposium on Plasma Physics and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic, June 14-17, 2004

SPECTRAL DIAGNOSTICS OF THE INTERACTION OF PLASMA PULSES WITH TITANIUM SUBSTRATE
J.Stanisławski, J.Piekoszewski, E.Składnik-Sadowska, Z.Werner, M.Barlak
2^nd German-Polish Conference on Plasma Diagnostics for Fusion and Applications, Cracow, Poland, September 8-10, 2004

ANODIC BEHAVIOUR OF Al- BASED AMORPHOUS ALLOYS
A.Jaskiewicz, M.Janik-Czachor, M.Dolata, Z.Werner
International Conference on Electrode Processes, Szczyrk, Poland, September 15-18, 2004

COMUNICATIONS PUBLISHED IN CONFERENCES MATERIALS

CORROSION, OF TITANIUM SURFACE-ALLOYED WITH NICKEL OR NICKEL- MOLYBDENIUM BY HIGH INTENSITY PULSED PLASMA BEAMS IN A SIMULATED FLUE GAS ENVIRONMENT
F.A.Bonilla, …, J.Piekoszewski, A.Ostapczuk, A.Chmielewski,Z.Werner, B.Sartowska, J.Stanisławski, E.Richter, et al.
Proc. of the 10^th Conference on Titanium „Science and Technology” Hamburg, Germany 13-18 July 2003, ed.G. Lutjering and J. Albrecht, Vol. II (2004) 891

DIDACTIC ACTIVITY

Z.Werner – Supervisor of PhD studies of Mr .R. Narojczyk (Technical University of Radom)

J.Piekoszewski – Supervisor of PhD studies of Mrs. B.Sartowska (IChTJ)

PARTICIPATION SCIENTIFIC COUNCILS AND ORGANIZING COMMITTEES OF CONFERENCES

J.Piekoszewski – Member of International Scientific Committee and Chairman of Tu 13 – Tu 17 sessions on 5^th International Conference ION 2004, Kazimierz Dolny, Poland, June 14-17, 2004

J.Jagielski – Chairman of a session I Workshop of Advanced Materials, Doha, Katar, April 2004

PERSONNEL

Research scientists

Jerzy Piekoszewski, Professor

Zbigniew Werner, Assoc. Prof.

Jacek Jagielski, Assoc. Prof., 1/2

Marek Barlak, Dr. 4/5

Władysław Szymczyk, Dr.

Technical and administrative staff

Andrzej Grajda

Małgorzata Kołodziejczyk

Jerzy Królik 3/5

Jerzy Zagórski